This book, in its two parts, examines the situation of the Shia in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during two successive periods: the Turkish era (1871-1913) and the Ottoman era (1913-1991). The author introduces the Shia citizens of Saudi Arabia, their history, culture, and identity. He argues that, despite their large numbers, they have been deliberately rendered invisible both within and outside their country. He recounts their suffering under the current regime, which is based on sectarian ideologies. He calls for equality among all citizens and respect for the unique characteristics of each group and sect in the different regions of the Kingdom, encompassing their history, culture, customs, traditions, and economic circumstances. Hamza al-Hassan is a Saudi researcher and journalist. He holds a PhD in Political Science from the University of Westminster in the UK. He specializes in Saudi affairs and political reform issues in the Kingdom.